Upconversion nanoparticles demonstrate unique optical properties, making them attractive for applications in bioimaging, sensing, and disease management. However, their potential toxicity remains a considerable concern. This review aims to provide a thorough analysis of the toxicity linked with upconversion nanoparticles. It investigates various as

Zinc oxide is a substance renowned for its remarkable power to shield delicate skin. This soothing element has long been used in a range of skincare products, from sunscreens to diaper rash creams, due to its remarkable protective properties. Establishing a physical barrier on the skin's top layer, zinc oxide effectively reflects harmful radiatio